Read through the following documents and answer the analysis questions on the right. After being involved in World War I, the people of Great Britain had no desire to enter into another conflict.They thought appeasing Germany would keep them safe from harm. Advertisement Advertisement In 1938, Britain was still recovering from WWI after losing many soldiers and the military was weak. 2. [29] Without any material international support, Lithuania had no choice but to accept the ultimatum. They emboldened Hitler to pursue his aggressive foreign policy. Because the ultimatum was never set down in writing and did not include a formal deadline, some historians downplay its importance and describe it as a "set of demands", rather than as an ultimatum. To vote for an argument, use these icons: Debate scores, side scores and tag scores are automatically calculated by an algorithm that primarily takes argument scores into account. They knew that they had tried everything to stop war and the only thing left was to fight, which united the country to fight and defend the nation. I know hindsight is 20 20, and also that the lesson from history is appeasement didn't work in that case, and I haven't read anything recently on this to have a fresh perspective. Churchill delivered a tribute to him in which he said, "Whatever else history may or may not say about these terrible, tremendous years, we can be sure that Neville Chamberlain acted with perfect sincerity according to his lights and strove to the utmost of his capacity and authority, which were powerful, to save the world from the awful, devastating struggle in which we are now engaged". Appeasement is the act of satisfying reasonable demands of dissatisfied power in an effort to maintain peace and stability. The British people were unwilling to go to war, but that could be easily changed if the media and propaganda started portraying Hitler as an aggressive person trying to take over Europe. Appeasement was Chamberlains personal way of dealing with Hitler The League considered closing off the Suez Canal, which would have stopped arms to Abyssinia, but, thinking that would be too harsh a measure, failed to do so.[9]. Cite evidence from at least three documents (Attached PowerPoints) to support your answer. 2.Round 1: Take out Documents A and B, Guiding Questions, and Hypotheses Sheet. [22] Baldwin rejected their sense of urgency and declared that he would not get Britain to war with anybody "for the League of Nations or anybody else" and that if there were to be any fighting in Europe, "I should like to see the Bolshies and Nazis doing it". Britain's establishment coalesced around appeasement and bared its teeth at those who dared to oppose it". Chamberlain, faced with the prospect of a German invasion, flew to Berchtesgaden on 15 September to negotiate directly with Hitler, who now demanded that Chamberlain accept not Sudeten self-government within Czechoslovakia but the absorption of the Sudeten lands into Germany. To avoid war, France and the United Kingdom permitted Nazi Germany to incorporate the Sudetenland.Earlier acts of appeasement included the Allied inaction towards the remilitarization of the Rhineland and the Anschluss of Austria, while subsequent ones . Was France and Great Britains policy of appeasement justified? Appeasement helped to build up national unity and not let people believe the British government has done everything they can to try to prevent war. They betrayed a lot of countries in the process. I'd be giving a big fat reward to aggression". ny before it got too late. If Britain and France were firm and held a united front they could have stopped Hitler when he moved troops into the Rhineland. A common upper-class slogan was "better Hitlerism than Communism". Without appeasement, Germany would have been able to start a war, leaving Britain to be defenseless. Once Germany invaded Poland and so ignited World War II, consensus was that appeasement was responsible. The number of men in the German army was not disclosed, nor approximated at that point of time. [22] He and a few other Conservatives who refused to vote for the Munich settlement were attacked by their local constituency parties. On 12 March, the German Wehrmacht crossed the Austrian border. The policy of appeasement became increasingly attractive after the overwhelming destruction of World War I. His criticism of Hitler began from the start of the decade, but Churchill was slow to attack fascism overall because of his own vitriolic opposition to communists, "international Jews" and socialism generally. Was appeasement the right choice for England in the 1930s? Czechoslovakia was told that if it did not submit, it would stand alone. (agree) Based on the assessment of political will and military power if the other countries back in 1938, Britain and France were simply not ready for a war, and were unwilling to fight a war. Why did Britain and France adopt a policy of appeasement? CreateDebate is a social debate community built around ideas, discussion and democracy. 1. [30] However, it was made clear that force would be used should Lithuania resist, and Lithuania was warned not to seek help from other nations. Did the appeasement policy of Britain France and the United States have the intended effect? Appeasement was one of the biggest things that lead to World War II. [36], Chamberlain's policy in many respects continued the policies of MacDonald and Baldwin and was popular until the failure of the Munich Agreement to stop Hitler in Czechoslovakia. Not to mention reconnaissance against the British would be risky, as the Spitfire was superior to the Messerschmitt-109, and if caught could bring Britain into Hitler's plan too early for the Blitzkrieg. Kian Shiong - Yes. Appeasement was the correct path for Britain at the time. At a debate at the Oxford Union Society in 1933, a group of undergraduates passed a motion saying that they would not fight for King and country, which persuaded some in Germany that Britain would never go to war. Britain and France both bought 6 months of time with the policy to rearm. Many people also admired how Hitler wanted to make Germany stronger and Chamberlain thought that a strong Germany can serve as a barrier against expansion from communist Russia. It basically just postponed the War from happening. They failed horribly at that. Hitler invading Czechoslovakia was inevitable, but if Britain and Czechoslovakia had been aggressive, they would have been able to make Germany back down, and could also have outflanked them. Lord Runciman was sent by Chamberlain to mediate in Prague and persuaded the Czechoslovak government to grant autonomy. However, by the time of the Munich Agreement, which was concluded on 30 September 1938 between Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy, the policy was opposed by the Labour Party and by a few Conservative dissenters such as future Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Secretary of State for War Duff Cooper, and future Prime Minister Anthony Eden. Appeasement was justified as going to war was the last resort for countries. Appeasement was the tactic used by the British Government when dealing with Hitler. At the same time, it gave Germany time to build their army even more and giving sudetenland to Hitler was practically giving Hitler what he wanted. Use PowerPoint to establish background knowledge on appeasement and introduce However, I'm fairly sure that if they bluffed they could gain the same amount of time, if not more, to rearm. Was appeasement the right policy for England in 1938? After the German invasion of Norway, opinion turned against Chamberlain's conduct of the war. At Chamberlain's request, Hitler readily signed an agreement for between the United Kingdom and Germany. was attempting to unite ethnic Germans in Europe. [97], Some commentators have suggested that some NATO countries are following the policy of appeasement towards Vladimir Putin's Russia by rejecting the support of Ukrainian democracy through military operations during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[98][99][100][101]. In October 1935 Mussolini launched an attack on Abyssinia. The policy appeared to be ineffectual when confronted by the aggression of dictators, notably Germany's Remilitarization of the Rhineland and Italy's Benito Mussolini's invasion of Abyssinia. 1. Therefore this shows that appeasement was not the right policy for Britain in 1938. The people wanted peace more than anything else. Develop Hypothesis #1, drawing from Documents A and B. "[75], Churchill's book The Gathering Storm, published in 1948, made a similar judgment to Guilty Men though in moderate tones. [9] Many thought that the Versailles Treaty had been unjust, that the German minorities were entitled to self-determination, and that Germany was entitled to equality in armaments. Answer Guiding Questions. 1938 in Munich. [22] British leaders committed to the Munich Agreement in spite of their awareness of Hitler's vulnerability at the time. You didn't pass the humanoid test! 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You will develop a claim, using evidence, to answer the question: Was appeasement the right policy for England in 1938? Germany escalated the dispute, with the country's press carrying stories of alleged atrocities against Sudeten Germans, and Hitler ordering 750,000 troops to the Czechoslovak border. Britain and France joined the war against Germany but initially averted serious military involvement during the period known as the Phoney War. [22] Baldwin told the House of Commons that in 1933, he had been unable to pursue a policy of rearmament because of the strong pacifist sentiment in the country. ", Van Tol, David. 2023 TidyLife, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Materials: Copies of Documents A-E Copies of Appeasement Guiding Questions Copies of Hypotheses Sheet Appeasement PowerPoint Plan of Instruction: Note: This lesson may take multiple class periods. Barros, Andrew, Talbot C. Imlay, Evan Resnick, Norrin M. Ripsman, and Jack S. Levy. Rumours had reached the Lithuanian government to the effect that Germany had specific plans to take over Klaipda. The League declared Italy to be the aggressor and imposed sanctions, but coal and oil were not included since blocking them, it was thought, would provoke war. This is evident during the German invasion of Poland, when the British and French did declare war on Germany, they took 7 months to actually mobilise and conduct military operations against the Germans, and even that was effortlessly decisively defeated by the Germans. Yes, I believe that appeasement was the right policy for England in 1928, to avoid the war as British prime minister (Neville Chamberlain) claimed that they should seek by all means to avoid war by analyzing all possible causes, and by trying to remove them through discussion in the sprite of collaboration and goodwill. During the Spanish civil war, the British realised that Germany had a far superior army than theirs. Yes, indeed Hitler did have plans to go expand. However, General Joseph Vuillemin, air force chief of staff, warned that it was far inferior and consistently opposed war against Germany. Some people saw Communism as the biggest threat to European stability. I would like to agree with your opinion, however I would like to point out that you did not include one thing. The Neutrality Act of 1939 allowed nations at war to buy arms and other supplies from the United States as long as those nations sent aid the Great Britain. But the time frame now is 1938, where Britain had not done much to stop Hitler. [1] The term is most often applied to the foreign policy of the British governments of Prime Ministers Ramsay MacDonald (in office 19291935), Stanley Baldwin (in office 19351937) and (most notably) Neville Chamberlain (in office 19371940) towards Nazi Germany (from 1933) and Fascist Italy (from 1922)[2] between 1935 and 1939. Lithuanian diplomacy characterized the concession as a "necessary evil" to enable Lithuania to preserve its independence, and it maintained the hope that it was merely a temporary retreat. 1 See answer Advertisement tprmadness40 because it allowed Hitler to get exactly what he wanted, land in the Czechoslovakian area, and with the new territory he gained, Hitler became more powerful, and his desire to expand grew. This time has become known as the interwar years (from 1918 to 1939) in reference to the . Firstly, and this isn't part of my argument, they threw Poland and Czechoslovakia to the dogs, which was a dick move. The media emphasised the dangers, and the general consensus was that defence was impossible and, as Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin had said in 1932, "The bomber will always get through". The British treated the issue in the same way as the earlier Sudeten Crisis and made no plans to assist Lithuania or the other Baltic States if they were attacked by Germany. If the policy is up-to-date (i.e. [52][53] In 1935, its pacifist leader, George Lansbury, resigned after a party resolution in favour of sanctions against Italy, which he opposed. Poland, which initiated World War II in Europe. "Ensuring Benevolent Neutrality: The British Government's Appeasement of General Franco during the Spanish Civil War, 19361939". aggressive foreign policy. it encouraged more aggression. ", Cole, Robert A. Would a Europe divided among democrats, fascists, and communists, and possessing jet aircrafts, nuclear weapons, and ballistic missiles, be more inviting than that one that emerged after 1945? Was appeasement the right choice for England in the 1930s? All scores are updated in real-time. It was a disaster. They should have built up their resources and military right from the start, especially when Hitler started to rearm. [23] Chamberlain ultimately ceded to all of Hitler's demands at Munich because he believed Britain and Nazi Germany were "the two pillars of European peace and buttresses against communism".[24][25]. Andrew Roberts, "'Appeasement' Review: What Were They Thinking? ", G. A. H. Gordon, "The admiralty and appeasement. Scott Ramsay. In September, the British received assurance that the General Staff's offer to launch the coup still stood with key private sector police and army support, even though Beck had resigned his post. No, it was a terrible and cowardly policy. The constitutions of both the Weimar Republic and the First Republic of Austria, included the aim of unification, which was supported by democratic parties. The Polish city of Wielu after German bombing September 1, Chamberlains policy of appeasement was controversial at the time and has been debated by historians, and policymakers ever since the Munich Agreement. The journalist Shiela Grant Duff's Penguin Special, Europe and the Czechs, was published and distributed to every MP on the day that Chamberlain returned from Munich. 2.Round 1: Take out Documents A and B, Guiding Questions, and Hypotheses Sheet. [32] The Soviets supported Lithuania in principle but did not wish to disrupt their relations with Germany since they were contemplating the German-Soviet Pact. If you believe that the posting of any material infringes your copyright, be sure to contact us through the contact form and your material will be removed! The British people at that time were also not willing to go to war, hence trying every possible methods including Appeasement to avoid war. Appeasement was said to have been beneficial because it provided the Allies with more time to prepare for war. Unfortunately, none of that actually happened, and because of England's appeasement, Germany had the freedom to increase its territory and allies and snake its way into Poland, forcing WWII to begin. Appeasement was the right policy for Britain in 1938. Even though appeasement did not work in the end, they had no way of knowing that Hitler would not keep to his promise. [45][46], Public opinion in Britain throughout the 1930s was frightened by the prospect of German terror bombing of British cities, which had started during the First World War. British politicians were so paranoid about war that they forgot to defend their own country's interests. Britain and France was able to have time to rearm. question: Was appeasement the right policy for England in 1938? It isn't just a cut and dry do it or don't. However, at that point of time when their only options were to go to war or appease to Hitler, Appeasement would have been a better option for Britain. Many people praise the appeasement; they say that it was all part of Chamberlain's grand scheme to buy. posted Apr 2, 2017, 7:52 PM by 750394@tritonstudents.org . Instituted in the hope of avoiding war, appeasement was the name given to Britain's policy in the 1930s of allowing Hitler to expand German territory unchecked. Minh - Yes, it was the right policy. However, due to appeasement, the citizens did get more prepared for war. [41] Amongst Conservatives, Churchill was unusual in believing that Germany menaced freedom and democracy, that British rearmament should proceed more rapidly and that Germany should be resisted over Czechoslovakia. They were not blameless. In 1938, Britain was still recovering from WWI after losing many soldiers and the military was weak. The term is most often applied to the foreign policy of the British governments of Prime Ministers Ramsay MacDonald (in office 1929-1935), Stanley Baldwin (in office 1935-1937) and (most notably) Neville Chamberlain (in office . A credible network of alliances might have ensured a cheaper and quicker victory over Hitler, had war come. Yes. Even though if they knew about what Hitler was doing, they would still go for appeasement or public shame of Germany and they would not want to go to war with them. This is true to a certain extent whereby many saw Hitler as a solution against communist through his actions such as persecuting them and making the communist the scapegoat. You have a point, but they would not have been able to know that they can overpower Germany since Hitler was already in the process of his aggressive Expansionist Policy. Therefore they also needed time to rally the support of the People. S. Levy H. Gordon, `` 'Appeasement ' Review: What were they Thinking power an! 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