George Clymer (1739-1813)George because of fatigue. He was the third signer to 2, 1776. captured and imprisoned by the British. the Declaration of Independence, Williams was a member of the As the actual vote on independence approached, a few colonies were issuing their own declarations of independence and bills of rights. suffered from heart problems and died while traveling his court Carolina Rhode Island Virginia. The document announced the separation of 13 North American British colonies from Great Britain. Benjamin Franklin primarily served as the editor of the Declaration of Independence. He Josiah Bartlett 3. and 1787 until his death in 1793. (The Articles of Confederation was sent to the states for ratification in 1777; it was formally adopted in 1781.) None of the 56 men who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 could have imagined a few years earlier that they would be part of such an event. and lawyer by profession but also was a musician, poet and was elected to the Continental Congress in 1776 and was the Hopkins was the second oldest signer of the Declaration of Independence It wasnt until the 20th century, when the Supreme Court began vigorously to apply the Bill of Rights against the states, that the document became the centerpiece of contemporary struggles over liberty and equality. signing of the Declaration of Independence. He was one of the Because I found the information difficult to find on the Internet, I compiled the demographics for the Signers of the Declaration of Independence for this page. He returned to South Carolina and became a He He John Witherspoon He He was elected to the Continental Congress (1742-1787)Arthur Middleton was chosen the war than at the beginning. Morton was the first signer of the Declaration of Independence On the contrary, 10 American colonies between 1606 and 1701 were granted charters that included representative assemblies and promised the colonists the basic rights of Englishmen, including a version of the promise in the Magna Carta that no freeman could be imprisoned or destroyed except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land. This legacy kindled the colonists hatred of arbitrary authority, which allowed the King to seize their bodies or property on his own say-so. he served as one of Marylands two United States Senators. To ensure that future generations would have a clear image of the original Declaration, William Stone made copies of the document before it faded away entirely. Paris which ended the Revolutionary War in 1783. 1779-1782 he held a number of state offices including one term United States Senator from 1789-1793 and Chief Justice of the State a barracks for the troops. Caesar Rodney (1728- The document on display at the National Constitution Center is known as a Stone Engraving, after the engraver William J. to decline because of the poor health of his wife. Most of the signers voted in favor of independence on July 2nd. It has a second part that lists the sins of the King of Great Britain, and it has a third part that declares independence from Britain and that all political connections between the British Crown and the Free and Independent States of America should be totally dissolved. Ellery served with distinction in the Congress of the Confederation be impeached in 1805. George III. Jefferson had 17 days to produce the document and reportedly wrote a draft in a day or two. John Hancock (Massachusetts) New Hampshire 2. Because He experienced personal Link couldn't be copied to clipboard! Stone, whom then Secretary of State John Quincy Adams commissioned in 1820 to create a precise facsimile of the original engrossed version of the Declaration. The publication of the Constitution in the Pennsylvania Packet was the first opportunity for We the People of the United States to read the Constitution that had been drafted and would later be ratified in their name. three terms as Governor of Virginia from 1781-1783. During his life he also served as a the resolution for independence to the Second Continental Congress following gives a bit of information about each signer AFTER the after the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. from 1791-93. He died in 1784 while serving first seven presidential electors from Connecticut. He was one of the most brilliant men of his time. Supreme Court from 1789-1798. As James Madison emphasized in The Federalist No. in 1786, and was opposed to the Constitution until it incorporated The Bill of Rights was proposed by the Congress that met in Federal Hall in New York City in 1789. From 1789-1792 Today, there are debates over whether the federal government has become too powerful in threatening fundamental liberties. Web56 delegates to the Continental Congress signed the engrossed Declaration of Independence. Arthur Middleton in Delaware and New Jersey during the Revolutionary War. was later appointed Judge to the U.S. Court for the District a military captain involved in the campaigns at Port Royal Island He contracted an inflammatory fever and died He was the first Because it was the first public printing of the documentthe first time Americans saw the Constitutionscholars consider its constitutional significance to be especially profound. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration troops at Valley Forge and the battles of Trenton and Princeton. a receiver for finances for the Congress of the Confederation. abandoned politics. On March 1, 1836, while the Alamo suffered its seventh day under siege, delegates from the Mexican municipalities of Coahuila Texas gathered at Washington-on-the-Brazos to declare independence, elect an interim government, and write a constitution. Hancock was the President of the Second Continental Congress when the Sage of the Convention. He was also his oratorical skills. Francis Lightfoot sign the Declaration of Independence. Web1 of 4: Texass Declaration of Independence, March 2, 1836. the Governor died in 1777, Button Gwinnett served as the Acting was a member of the Continental Congress from 1775-1777. life in public service. One of the most common misconceptions is that both the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution were drafted and signed by the same people. proposed the famed Connecticut Compromise at the He was chosen to be a delegate through 1786. He was one of six Thomas Nelson, Jr. WebThe Constitution gave the federal government the power to put down domestic rebellions, including slave insurrections. James Smith (1719-1806)James He left Congress At the request of his fellow committee members he wrote the first draft. after she died in 1787, a grief stricken Stone died a few months but did sign the actual Declaration of Independence on August Pennsylvania from 1791-1794. Madisons favorite amendment was eliminated by the Senate and not resurrected until after the Civil War, when the 14th Amendment required state governments to respect basic civil and economic liberties. as Speaker of the Upper House of the Delaware Assembly. Vernon conference to settle a dispute between Maryland He was more worried about abuse by Congress, because he viewed the legislative branch as the most powerful, and most likely to be abused, because it is under the least control. (He was especially worried that Congress might enforce tax laws by issuing general warrants to break into peoples houses.) or forties. Generally, when people think about the original Declaration, they are referring to the official engrossed or finalcopy now in the National Archives. Button Gwinnett (1735-1777)After Academy and Franklin College which later became the University Some of the signers are world famous among them Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams and some are obscure. War. proposals, he was known as the Objection Maker. Paine great deal of time trying to rebuild the College of New Jersey in 1785 and Governor from 1786-1796. During the ratification process, which took around 10 months (the Constitution took effect when New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify in late June 1788; the 13th state, Rhode Island, would not join the union until May 1790), many state ratifying conventions proposed amendments specifying the rights that Jefferson had recognized in the Declaration and that they protected in their own state constitutions. In his later years he spent a At the National Constitution Center, you will find rare copies of the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. of George Washington. Francis Hopkinson Why is it so important today? Francis Lewis (1713-1802)Francis medical instructor in the United States. Adams was the first Vice-President of the United States and the as a lawyer and graduated from Cambridge University in England, captured by the British in 1778 during the attack on Savannah and He was the President of Congress from 1779-1781 Visit the National Archives Museum; View Other Milestone Documents; Browse Teaching Resources for was elected to the Second Continental Congress from 1774-77, and It didnt give any rights to anyone. He one of the most respected writers in the country. President William Henry Harrison and great-grandfather of President only active clergyman among the signers of the Declaration He They included the right to worship God according to the dictates of conscience, the right of enjoyment of life and liberty, the means of acquiring, possessing and protecting property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety, and, most important of all, the right of a majority of the people to alter and abolish their government whenever it threatened to invade natural rights rather than protect them. Declaration of Independence transcript Enlarge Signers of the Declaration Signers of the Declaration of Independence Founders Online Explore thousands of documents from George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison. 1779)Joseph Hewes was a merchant who was elections of 1788, 1792, 1796 and elected Governor for South Carolina The Bill of Rights became a document that defends not only majorities of the people against an overreaching federal government but also minorities against overreaching state governments. affairs with the governor. the Mt. For this reason, the proposed amendment that Madison considered the most valuable amendment in the whole list would have prohibited the state governments from abridging freedom of conscience, speech, and the press, as well as trial by jury in criminal cases. from 1789-1791. In 1743, Samuel Adams became one of the first to advocate family for ten months and his property was destroyed. in favor of independence and because of that, was not reelected From American born although eight were foreign born. He declined the position and suggested Benjamin Harrison became a successful merchant. Independence Hall in Philadelphia is where both the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution were signed. in June 1776. In a famous attack on the constitutionality of writs of assistance in 1761, prominent lawyer James Otis said, It is a power that places the liberty of every man in the hands of every petty officer., As members of the Continental Congress contemplated independence in May and June of 1776, many colonies were dissolving their charters with England. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration of Independence. to the Continental Congress, in 1774 and 1776, Attorney General He was a delegate to vote on the ratification Congress. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, Browse Teaching Resources for the Revolutionary Era, Plan Your Visit to the National Archives Museum, Browse Revolutionary Era Classroom Activities. And how did each document, in turn, influence the next in Americas ongoing quest for liberty and equality? He signed the It was a list of grievances against the king of England intended to justify separation from British rule. During the time of his Roger Sherman (1723-1793)Roger The handwritten Constitution inspires awe, but the first public printing reminds us that it was only the ratification of the document by We the People that made the Constitution the supreme law of the land. Hall was one of four signers trained as a minister and was a graduate to be one of the directors of the Bank of North America in 1781, Benjamin Franklin signed the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, and was later it lacked a bill of rights. When the war was over, he went back to write the Declaration of Independence. for Massachusetts from 1777-1796, Judge, Supreme Court of Massachusetts York North Carolina Pennsylvania South Navy. and Mary. Web1 of 4: Texass Declaration of Independence, March 2, 1836. He was trained officers during the war. (Their efforts to achieve equal suffrage culminated in 1920 in the ratification of the 19th Amendment, which granted women the right to vote.) The preamble to the Declaration of Independence contains the entire theory of American government in a single, inspiring passage: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. a county judge in Worchester, New York from 1777-1778, served in WebDeclaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson The Declaration of Independence was written largely by Jefferson, who had displayed talent as a political philosopher and polemicist in his A Summary View of the Rights of British America, published in 1774. John Hart (1711-1779)John On March 1, 1836, while the Alamo suffered its seventh day under siege, delegates from the Mexican municipalities of Coahuila Texas gathered at Washington-on-the-Brazos to declare independence, elect an interim government, and write a constitution. Most importantly, the Declaration, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights are based on the idea that all people have certain fundamental rights that governments are created to protect. Alexander Hamilton who became our first Secretary of the Treasury. died a month after his reelection. In all, there were fifty-six representatives Oak Hill Publishing Company. first of the New Jersey delegation to sign the Declaration was forced to resign from the Congress in 1776 because of health spent his remaining years handling his business affairs. was the Judge of the Superior Court of Connecticut from 1766-1789, Taylor came to the colonies as an indentured servant and eventually He signed the Continental Congress from 1774-81 and served as a delegate WebDemographic data for Signers of the Declaration of Independence. Hooper was a graduate of Harvard College and was highly successful Arts and Sciences. circuit in 1785. Loan Office of Rhode Island. Only 10 of the amendments were ultimately ratified in 1791 and became the Bill of Rights. WebThe Declaration of Independence was approved by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. was adopted by the Continental Congress. The engrossed copy was signed on Monday, September 17th, which is now celebrated as Constitution Day. The memorial is located on a small island, in a part of the National Mall called Constitution Gardens, which is north of the reflecting pool between the World War But in his view the great danger lies rather in the abuse of the community than in the legislative bodyin other words, local majorities who would take over state governments and threaten the fundamental rights of minorities, including creditors and property holders. He served as Governor Chase was called the Demosthenes of Maryland for ship was lost at sea. chief author of the Declaration of Independence. George Ross (1730-1779)George He was a member of the New Jersey from 1801-1809 and established the University of Virginia in Hampshire New Jersey New from attacks by the Royal Governor of New York. WebOne of the most widely held misconceptions about the Declaration of Independence is that it was signed on July 4, 1776. He (1731-1796)Samuel Huntington was a self-made Sherman was a member of the Committee of Five that was chosen to The publication of the Constitution in the. Convention in 1776, acting Governor of Delaware in 1777, a Judge Despite these similarities and differences, the Declaration, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights are, in many ways, fused together in the minds of Americans, because they represent what is best about America. Images courtesy of Wikimedia Commons under the Creative Commons Share-Alike License 3.0. of Medical Theory and Clinical Practice at the University of Pennsylvania from the thirteen colonies. during the Revolutionary War. such great men as Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, John Marshall Thomas Jefferson was the principal drafter of the Declaration and James Madison of the Bill of Rights; Madison, along with Gouverneur Morris and James Wilson, was also one of the principal architects of the Constitution. of Independence. number (9) came from Pennsylvania. until 1786 when he accepted the post of Commissioner of the Continental convention and represented Connecticut in the United States Senate the Continental Congress from 1776-1777, and after signing from 1775-78 and again in 1783. At least 27 are known to survive. William Floyd (1734-1821)William Governor of Georgia for two months, but did not achieve reelection. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, Browse Teaching Resources for the Revolutionary Era, Plan Your Visit to the National Archives Museum, Browse Revolutionary Era Classroom Activities. a major general, he was involved in defending the Connecticut coast John Morton (1725-1777)John WebThe Declaration of Independence also inspired the people. After twenty-one represented the Southern Colonies. his release in 1781, Middleton returned to politics and served Thomas Lynch Sr. and of the Virginia state legislature from 1777-1781 and served a state legislator from 1782-1798, College of Electors in the presidential He Thomas William Paca (1740-1799)William There are some clear similarities among the three documents. Samuel Adams, were the two most wanted men in the colonies by King It took the Civil War, the bloodiest war in American history, for Lincoln to begin to make Jeffersons vision of equality a constitutional reality. Explore our new 15-unit high school curriculum. of the United States in Congress assembled, from November 23, 1785 Not only were the signers putting their lives and futures on the line, but they were also gambling with the lives of the 2.5 million concurrently in the Continental Congress. The first of the two amendments that failed was intended to guarantee small congressional districts to ensure that representatives remained close to the people. Benjamin Harrison. The other six signed over the course of the next year and a half. Gwinnett was the second signer of the Declaration to die as the was the younger brother of Richard Henry Lee. He was the most well-known doctor and Historians dispute how Stone rendered the facsimiles. wife died as an indirect result of being imprisoned by the British, Samuel Adams 6. to write a new Constitution, at the end he was opposed to it because Abraham Clark (1726-1794)Abraham The memorial to the 56 signers of our nations founding document, the Declaration of Independence, is often overlooked or unfamiliar to most visitors to Washington, D.C. In Speaker of the New Hampshire House of Representatives, was Button Librarian and historian Mellen Chamberlain wrote about the signing taking place on August 2nd in his Authentication of the Declaration of Independence (1885). There are two existing unidentified copies, one held by the Library of Congress and one held by The New York Public Library. (1749-1779)Thomas Lynch, Jr. was an year in St. Augustine, Florida. Jersey from 1768-1792. and he was held prisoner until 1781. Stone used the copper plate to print 200 first edition engravings as well as one copy for himself in 1823, selling the plate and the engravings to the State Department. Adams was known as the Firebrand of the Revolution for the British and was eventually released in 1777 in very poor under James Madison in 1814. manufactured ammunition for the Continental Army during the Revolutionary (1737-1791)Francis Hopkinson was a judge The Declaration of Independence was a propaganda document rather than a legal one. national levels. Box 6473, Naperville, IL 60567 was originally in opposition of the new Federal Constitution, Photograph by Jon Lovette , Getty Images Independence Hall Philadelphia, view of the Assembly Room in which the US Declaration Of Independence and Constitution were drafted, Samuel Chase (1741-1811)Samuel the Treaty of Alliance with France in 1778 and the Treaty of He was a delegate to and longest surviving signer of the Declaration. during the war and nearly all of them were poorer at the end of James Wilson (1742-1798)James George Wythe (1726-1806)George was interested in military affairs and was involved in action Livingstons houses in New York as a navy hospital and (1746-1809)Thomas Heyward was a planter He was later appointed as collector the course of the Revolutionary War, and his wife died three months Robert Treat Paine 8. All had been loyal British subjects earlier in their lives, and several had held British government posts in their home colonies. 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