With its claim to show the true inner workings of one of the biggest and most famous polygamous households of all, "Wife No. Brigham left Auburn in the spring of 1823 to work in Port Byron, New York, where he repaired furniture and painted canal boats. [146] Young's letter reportedly arrived on September 13, 1857, two days after the massacre. Any person that mingles his seed with the seed of Canaan forfeits the right to rule and all the blessings of the Priesthood of God; and unless his blood were spilled and that of his offspring he nor they could not be saved until the posterity of Canaan are redeemed. [89] Young organized the first Utah Territorial Legislature and established Fillmore as the territory's first capital. [54][55] In March 1844, Brigham Young was an inaugural member of the Council of Fifty, which later organized the Mormon exodus from Nauvoo. During the 1870s Lee,[22] Dame, Philip Klingensmith, Ellott Willden, and George Adair, Jr. were indicted and arrested; warrants were obtained to pursue the arrests of four others (Haight, John Higbee, William C. Stewart, and Samuel Jukes) who had successfully gone into hiding. [39], Under Young's direction, the quorum organized the exodus of Latter Day Saints from Missouri to Illinois in 1838. [177] Young built the Lion House, the Beehive House, the Gardo House, and the White House in downtown Salt Lake City to accommodate his sizable family. Portrait of Ira Eldredge with his three wives: Nancy Black Eldredge, Hannah Mariah Savage Eldredge, and Helvig Marie Andersen Eldredge. Lucy and Young had seven children together. Brigham Young University. Since Young's death, a number of works have published collections of his discourses and sayings. Though he himself was hundreds of miles away, the literal hour struck for Brigham Young at Carthage Jail precisely at "5 o'clock, 16 minutes, and 26 seconds" on the afternoon of June 27, 1844. [136] At a church meeting on September 21, 1856, Brigham Young stated: We need a reformation in the midst of this people; we need a thorough reform.[137] Large gatherings and meetings during this period were conducted by Young and Grant, and Young played a key role in the circulation of the Mormon Reformation with his emphasis on plural marriage, rebaptism, and passionate preaching and oration. [192], In another Death Valley Days episode in 1969, "Biscuits and Billy, the Kid", Michael Hinn (19131988) of the former Boots and Saddles western series was cast as Young. ", invoking the name of the late Joseph Smith Jr, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. The ninth of twelve children, Brigham was born into a life full of work. By the summer of 1877, Young's health was in decline, but he continued to play an active role in the Mormon church up until the end. Read a news summary of this talk. A flyer passed out by a neo-Nazi group outside Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston on January 22, 2022 targeting anti-racism physicians Anonymous They are also among a cadre of doctors across the country who are confronting mounting intimidation on social media, and threats of violence. The seed of Canaan cannot hold any office, civil or ecclesiastical. Jedediah M. Grant, one of the key figures of the Reformation and one of Young's counselors, traveled throughout the Territory preaching to Latter-day Saint communities and settlements with the goal of inspiring them to reject sin and turn towards spiritual things. Which is greater 36 yards 2 feet and 114 feet 2 inch? Source: Jeffery Ogden Johnson, "Determining and Defining `Wife': The . the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, priesthood on men of black African descent, issued a "selective extermination" order against male Timpanogos, vast arid West between the Rockies and the Sierra Nevada, List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States, "Brigham Young Biography: Facts of Faith", "Brigham Young (18011877) | FamilySearch", 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0801714, "The Religious and Family Background of Brigham Young", "Setting the Record Straight: Brigham Young's Baptism Date", "The Mantle of the Prophet Joseph Passes to Brother Brigham: One Hundred Twenty-nine Testimonies of a Collective Spiritual Witness", "The Making of a Mormon Myth: The 1844 Transfiguration of Brigham Young", "Utah's new capitol grows from humble beginning; first political sessions were held in council house; fight for statehood", "Open Hand and Mailed Fist: MormonIndian Relations in Utah, 184752", "Looking back at 'Mormon Gold' coins, other historical Utah currencies", "The Beginnings of the University of Utah", "Brigham Young: We Must Believe in Slavery (23 January 1852)", "Education among the Mormons: Brigham Young and the Schools of Utah", "History of the Ladies' Mutual Improvement Association of the Church of Jesus Christ of L.D.S., from November 1869 to June 1910, page 93", "Vol.1, Ch.4: Brigham Young: The Father of Mormon Polygamy", "The People of God Disciplined By TrialsAtonement By the Shedding of BloodOur Heavenly FatherA Privilege Given to All the Married Sisters in Utah", "The Orson PrattBrigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868", "Jehovah as the Father: The Development of the Mormon Jehovah Doctrine", "Mormonism and Capital Punishment: A Doctoral Perspective, Past and Present", Comprehensive History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, "Letter from Bruce R. McConkie to Thomas B. McAffee", https://www.deseret.com/2010/6/18/20122138/mormon-church-statement-on-blood-atonement, "Chapter 3: Mormonism's Negro Doctrine: An Historical Overview", "Brigham Young against a then-fashionable scientific form of racism", "Brigham Young and Priesthood Denial to the Blacks: An Alternate View", "The Mormon Church Disavows Its Racist Past But Still Offers No Apology", "The Mormon Reformation of 1856-1857: The Rhetoric and the Reality", "The causes of the Mormon reformation of 1856-57", "Mormonism and Capital Punishment: A Doctrinal Perspective, Past and Present", "Reopening a Mormon Murder Mystery; New Accusations That Brigham Young Himself Ordered an 1857 Massacre of Pioneers", Brigham Young to Isaac C. Haight, September 10, 1857, "Art: Sculpture Statues: Brigham Young", "The Possessive Investment in Rightness: White Supremacy and the Mormon Movement", "People & Events Polygamy and the Church: A History", "Descendants of Brigham Young to Hold Annual Mass Meetings", "Brigham Young's descendants give rocking chair to Mormon church", "Mahonri Young | Smithsonian American Art Museum", "From Sherlock Holmes to Godzilla: The Mormon Image in Comics", "The Necessity of the Saints Living up to the Light Which Has Been Given Them", The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints titles, Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigham_Young&oldid=1142007408, American general authorities (LDS Church), American Mormon missionaries in the United Kingdom, Recipients of American presidential pardons, Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church), Apostles of the Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints), Burials at the Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument, Latter Day Saint biography Infobox with missing parameters, Pages using infobox Latter Day Saint biography with unsupported parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2021, Harold B. Lee Library-related 19th century articles, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Initial organization of Quorum of the Twelve, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 01:13. The study included a total of 2,097 young patients (<50 years) admitted for a heart attack in two large hospitals. Carter. Acknowledged to be one of America's great colonizers, Brigham Young was also governor of Utah Territory from 1850 to 1858, superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1851 to 1858, a founder of about 350 communities in the far west, and founder of several score business enterprises. In this case, the "real message" would have been that the Indians should be left to "do as they please." [31][32] In August 1835, Young and the rest of the Quorum of the Twelve issued a testimony in support of the divine origin of the Doctrine and Covenants. We only index and link to content provided on other servers. [23] Young continued to preach in eastern Canada in the spring, and accompanied two Canadian converts to Kirtland in July 1833. Young performed the sealing ordinances for two of Joseph Smith's plural wives in early 1842. [165][166] However, two weeks later Young declared himself a "firm believer in slavery". Within months, Harris and the others departed their Utah appointments without replacements being named, and their posts remained unfilled for the next two years. [152], Young engaged in a vast assortment of commercial ventures by himself and in partnership with others. It was only after the fact, and after the end of the Civil War, that Young slowly realized just how mistaken his hope in a sudden Millennium was: the perpetrators of the MMM were being sought by the Federal courts. [58][59] Several claimants to the role of church president emerged during the succession crisis that ensued. 20, No. [35][27] In August 1837, Young went on another mission to the eastern states. Just four days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Young designated the location for the Salt Lake Temple; he presided over its groundbreaking years later on April 6, 1853. In Mendon, Young first became acquainted with Heber C. Kimball, an early member of the LDS Church. From another planet, Adam brought Eve, one of his wives, with him to the earth, where they became mortal by eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil. [81], After three years of leading the church as the President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Young reorganized a new First Presidency and was sustained as the second president of the church on December 27, 1847 at Winter Quarters. [3] Young's use of inflammatory and violent language[4] in response to a federal expedition to the territory (known as the Utah War) added to the tense atmosphere at the time of the attack. 3 (Fall 1987), pp. Never a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. [109] During his tenure, Young oversaw construction of the Salt Lake Tabernacle and announced plans to build the St. George (1871), Manti (1875), and Logan (1877) temples. [23] In 1870, Young excommunicated some of the participants, including Haight and Lee, from the LDS Church. [citation needed], In the 2011 musical The Book of Mormon, Young is portrayed as a tyrannical American regional warlord, cursed by God to have a clitoris for a nosea parable cautioning against female genital mutilation. [171], On this topic, Young wrote: "They have not wisdom to act like white men. Six Days in August: Brigham Young and the Succession Crisis of 1844 Ronald W. Walker Every Latter-day Saint knows the importance of the six days in August 1844 when Brigham Young and the Twelve Apostles were sustained at Nauvoo as Joseph Smith's successors. If the circumstances of his life had worked out differently [he] might have become a captain of industryan Andrew Carnegie or John D. Rockefeller or a railroad builder. Conditions Governing Access. Alan Willson ran from his home in Worthing, West Sussex, after his son called him to say he was being attacked. [151] He is buried on the grounds of the Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument in the heart of Salt Lake City. On Tuesday, DJ Ferguson was in open-heart surgery to receive a mechanical heart pump, called a left ventricular assist device, which should keep him alive for up to five years, according to his parents, who worry about the toll the device will have on their son's quality of life. [147], Before his death in Salt Lake City on August 29, 1877,[148] Young was suffering from cholera morbus and inflammation of the bowels. Through most of the nineteenth century, the American West was considered the land of opportunity. [91] It was established on February 28, 1850, as the University of Deseret; its name was eventually changed to the University of Utah. A church conference held in Iowa sustained Young and his First Presidency on December 27, 1847. [98], In 1856, Young organized an efficient mail service known as the Brigham Young Express and Carrying Company, which transported mail and passengers between Missouri and California. Young organized the journey that would take the Mormon pioneers to Winter Quarters, Nebraska, in 1846, before continuing on to the Salt Lake Valley. This was partly experienced when Young traveled with his wife, Miriam, and Heber C. Kimball to visit the branch of the church in Columbia. [68] With the repealing of Nauvoo's charter in January 1845, church members in Nauvoo lost their courts, police, and militia, leaving them vulnerable to attacks by mobs. He developed a device for mixing paints, and turned out many chairs, tables, settees, cupboards, and doors. [62][63][64] Young began acting as the church's president afterwards, though he did not yet have a full presidency. The Compromise of 1850 instead carved out Utah Territory and Young was appointed governor. Young petitioned the U.S. Congress to create the State of Deseret. A young boy has died and his mother has been hospitalized after being attacked by a pack of dogs over the weekend, according to tribal authorities. Young's father, two brothers, and sister had already moved to Mendon before he did. Young supported her and her two children while they lived in their own home in Nauvoo. . In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. [60] The majority in attendance voted that the Quorum of the Twelve was to lead the church. [80] Young's expedition was one of the largest and one of the best organized westward treks, and he made various trips back and forth between the Salt Lake Valley and Winter Quarters to assist other companies in their journeys. "[189], Mark Twain devoted a chapter and much of two appendices to Young in Roughing It. [43] Young served another mission to the Eastern seaboard. While the majority of the sealings were "for eternity", some were "for time only," meaning that Young was sealed to these women as a proxy for their previous husbands who had passed away. [121] The LDS Church has formally repudiated the doctrine as early as 1889,[122] and multiple times since the days of Young. The Center for Family History and Genealogy was established at Brigham Young University in order to utilize BYU resources to simplify the process of finding of ancestors and the discovery of the world in which they lived. While there, Young's father remarried to a widow named Hannah Brown, and sent Young off to learn a trade. He instituted a ban prohibiting conferring the priesthood on men of black African descent, and led the church in the Utah War against the United States. But over time, Young's perspective shifted. The game in question was against Brigham Young University, as part of the Mountain West semifinals. Memorials to Young include a bronze statue in front of the Abraham O. Smoot Administration Building, Brigham Young University; a marble statue in the National Statuary Hall Collection at the United States Capitol, donated by the State of Utah in 1950;[162] and a statue atop the This is the Place Monument in Salt Lake City. There was even a petition created asking for Brigham Young . Ann Eliza Young was part of a larger anti-polygamy movement. Some Latter Day Saint denominations, such as the Community of Christ, consider Young the "Father of Mormon Polygamy". Joseph! [56][57], In 1844, Young travelled east again to solicit votes for Joseph Smith in his presidential campaign. [Joseph Smith] was succeeded by one of the outstanding organizers of the 19th century, Brigham Young. The item provides genealogical information concerning Brigham Young's wives, children, and grandchildren. [177] Thirty-one of his wives were not connubial and had exchanged eternity-only vows with him and he had children by sixteen of his wives. In 1849, Young arranged for a printing press to be brought to the Salt Lake Valley, which was later used to print the Deseret News periodical. 27 on the list. Young had a somewhat mixed view of slavery which historian John G. Turner called a "bundle of contradictions". The LDS Church's Doctrine and Covenants contains one section from Young that has been canonized as scripture, added in 1876. [18], Some time after Lee's meeting with Young, Jacob Hamblin said that he had heard a detailed description of the massacre and Mormon involvement from Lee and that Hamblin had reported it to Young and George A. Smith soon after the massacre. 25 and had the reputation of being his true love, much to the chagrin and mortification of the youthful Ann Eliza Webb Dee Young, No. Only at the end, did Brigham Young sacrifice John D. Lee, when it became obvious that the Nation would have justice for the atrocity. [12], However, by the time that the express rider delivered Young's letter to Haight, the massacre at Mountain Meadows had already taken place. As part of Young's vision of a pre-millennial "Kingdom of God," Young established colonies along the California and Old Spanish Trails, where Mormon officials governed as leaders of church, state, and military. [24] In May 1834, Young became a member of Zion's Camp, and traveled to Missouri and returned to Kirtland with members of the camp in August. He also tried to promote Mormon self-sufficiency by establishing collectivist communities, known as the United Order of Enoch. After the massacre, Young stated in public forums that God had taken vengeance on the BakerFancher party. [40][41] Young also served in various leadership and community organization roles among church members in Nauvoo. For instance, Joseph Smith was once attacked by an apostate from the Church, William Law, who "attempted to kill Joseph and fired a pistol at him six times at close range. The decree of God that Canaan should be a servant of servants unto his brethren (i.e., Shem and Japhet [sic]) is in full force. Did Brigham Young Approve the Attack? According to the record, Alma the Younger was "a very wicked and an idolatrous man. According to William Hayden, Young participated in the Bucksville Forensic and Oratorical Society. [135] The Mormon Reformation called for a spiritual reawakening among members of the church, and took place largely in the Utah Territory. [83][84] Young and his counselors were again sustained unanimously by church members at a church conference in Salt Lake City in September 1850.[85]. Young did not immediately accept the divine claims of the Book of Mormon. Young knew her father, Isaac Decker, in New York. For two years, the monument stood as a memorial to those travelling the Spanish Trail through Mountain Meadow. [99] In 1858, following the events of the Utah War, he stepped down to his gubernatorial successor, Alfred Cumming.[100]. [114], One of the more controversial teachings of Young during the Mormon Reformation was the AdamGod doctrine. "[155], At the time of his death, Young was the wealthiest man in Utah, with an estimated personal fortune of $600,000 (equivalent to $15,300,000 in 2021).[153]. Early Friday morning, they were attacked in the street and one missionary was stabbed in the neck," the statement reads. According to historian William P. MacKinnon, "After the war, Buchanan implied that face-to-face communications with Brigham Young might have averted the Utah War, and Young argued that a northsouth telegraph line in Utah could have prevented the Mountain Meadows Massacre."[6]. Wikimedia Commons. [46] Eight of Young's plural marriages in Nauvoo were to Joseph Smith's widows. The Center also supported student training for life-long temple and family history service. The young couple with their empathy-based conservatism are well-positioned to spend another six years in the state's capital. [21], After visiting Joseph Smith in Kirtland, Brigham set out to preach with his brother Joseph in the winter of 1832-1833. Brigham Young was born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont, to John and Abigail Young. [34] Shortly afterwards, Young went on another mission with his brother Joseph to New York and New England. Do clownfish have a skeleton or exoskeleton. . [69] Some Mormons counterfeited American and Mexican money, and a grand jury indicted Young and other church leaders in 1845. Haight. He was the President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death in 1877. It is that selfless attitude that captured the hearts of . 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